Nephrology is a specialized branch of medicine that focuses on the study, diagnosis, and treatment of diseases related to the kidneys. Nephrologists manage conditions such as chronic kidney disease, acute kidney injury, kidney stones, hypertension related to kidney problems, and electrolyte imbalances. They also care for patients requiring dialysis or kidney transplantation. The kidney plays a vital role in filtering waste products from the blood, regulating blood pressure, and maintaining overall fluid and electrolyte balance. Nephrology is essential for preserving kidney function, preventing complications, and improving the quality of life for patients with kidney disorders through medical management, lifestyle guidance, and advanced therapies.